Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP by country
Scientific and technical journal articles divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
196
Highest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Lowest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Equatorial Guinea, Republic of
Median
0 units per US$ of GDP
Years covered
28
1996–2023
Data points
6,745
What the numbers show
Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 196 countries. The highest value is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Iran, Islamic Republic of; the lowest is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Equatorial Guinea, Republic of.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 units per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0 units per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 439.
Over the past decade 137 countries rose and 58 fell. The largest increase was in Iraq (up 1,764.1%), and the largest decrease in Naoero, Republic of (down 77.7%).
Scientific and technical journal articles, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Tunisia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 3 | Lebanon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 348.6% | volatile |
| 4 | Jordan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 171.7% | rising |
| 5 | Ukraine | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 127.5% | volatile |
| 6 | Morocco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 282.9% | volatile |
| 7 | India | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 50.9% | rising |
| 8 | Croatia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 9 | Serbia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 37.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Portugal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 11 | Iraq | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,764.1% | volatile |
| 12 | Pakistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 129.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Malaysia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 34.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Egypt, Arab Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 98.9% | rising |
| 15 | Greece | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 16 | Slovenia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 29.0% | flat |
| 17 | China, People's Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 41.5% | falling |
| 18 | Cyprus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 214.6% | rising |
| 20 | Bulgaria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.4% | falling |
| 21 | Kosovo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 176.5% | rising |
| 22 | Palestine | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 177.9% | rising |
| 23 | Türkiye | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 24 | Uzbekistan, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 931.0% | volatile |
| 25 | Estonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.6% | falling |
| 26 | Russian Federation | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 151.1% | volatile |
| 27 | Ghana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 349.6% | rising |
| 28 | Latvia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 29 | Slovak Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 30 | Fiji, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 99.3% | rising |
| 31 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 47.7% | rising |
| 32 | South Africa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 64.5% | rising |
| 33 | Korea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 34 | Czechia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 35 | Hungary | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 36 | Nepal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 109.6% | rising |
| 37 | Denmark | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 38 | Poland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 31.2% | falling |
| 39 | Finland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 40 | Spain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 41 | Sweden | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 7.9% | falling |
| 42 | Italy | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 43 | Bhutan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 134.5% | volatile |
| 44 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 126.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Gambia, The | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 46 | Montenegro | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 47 | Lithuania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 48 | Brunei Darussalam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 559.4% | volatile |
| 49 | Armenia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 50 | Thailand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 84.3% | rising |
| 51 | Grenada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.2% | volatile |
| 52 | Cameroon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 132.2% | rising |
| 53 | New Zealand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 54 | Australia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 55 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 25.2% | rising |
| 56 | Algeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 114.4% | volatile |
| 57 | Romania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 39.2% | falling |
| 58 | Rwanda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 279.9% | volatile |
| 59 | Ecuador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,020.6% | volatile |
| 60 | Uganda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 81.0% | rising |
| 61 | Canada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 62 | United Kingdom | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.1% | falling |
| 63 | Indonesia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 878.4% | volatile |
| 64 | Netherlands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 65 | Lesotho, Kingdom of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 345.3% | volatile |
| 66 | Malawi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 68.0% | rising |
| 67 | Sri Lanka | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 194.0% | rising |
| 68 | Norway | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.3% | falling |
| 69 | Israel | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 70 | Austria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.3% | flat |
| 71 | Brazil | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.0% | rising |
| 72 | Burkina Faso | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 118.9% | flat |
| 73 | Belgium | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 74 | Chile | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 44.7% | rising |
| 75 | Colombia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 121.1% | volatile |
| 76 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 254.3% | volatile |
| 77 | Switzerland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.2% | falling |
| 78 | Vietnam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 181.4% | volatile |
| 79 | Germany | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 80 | Singapore | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 81 | Iceland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 37.0% | rising |
| 82 | Benin | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 83 | Japan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.5% | flat |
| 84 | Malta | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 85 | Kyrgyz Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 184.5% | flat |
| 86 | Azerbaijan, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 237.3% | volatile |
| 87 | Georgia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 88 | Samoa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 277.4% | volatile |
| 89 | France | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 90 | Saudi Arabia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 123.6% | rising |
| 91 | Nigeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 244.6% | rising |
| 92 | Moldova, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Botswana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 71.1% | flat |
| 94 | Belarus, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 95 | Peru | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 502.2% | volatile |
| 96 | Kenya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.2% | falling |
| 97 | Bangladesh | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 62.5% | rising |
| 98 | Namibia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 170.3% | volatile |
| 99 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 112.5% | rising |
| 100 | Palau, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 101 | Senegal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 11.2% | falling |
| 102 | Bahrain, Kingdom of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 126.8% | rising |
| 103 | United States | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 38.8% | falling |
| 104 | Oman | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 113.3% | rising |
| 105 | Ireland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 46.7% | falling |
| 106 | Mauritius | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 52.0% | rising |
| 107 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 474.9% | volatile |
| 108 | Zimbabwe | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 33.9% | falling |
| 109 | Togo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 110 | Somalia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,012.1% | volatile |
| 111 | Mongolia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 112 | Albania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 113 | United Arab Emirates | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 219.5% | volatile |
| 114 | Sierra Leone | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 592.3% | volatile |
| 115 | Uruguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.6% | rising |
| 116 | Zambia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 214.5% | falling |
| 117 | Luxembourg | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Argentina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 119 | Cuba | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 36.0% | falling |
| 120 | Tajikistan, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 96.2% | volatile |
| 121 | Sudan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 62.3% | volatile |
| 122 | Qatar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 189.2% | volatile |
| 123 | Greenland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 124 | Philippines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 228.4% | rising |
| 125 | Burundi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 89.6% | volatile |
| 126 | Mexico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 127 | Central African Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 35.4% | flat |
| 128 | Libya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 286.9% | volatile |
| 129 | Vanuatu | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 130 | Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 120.9% | volatile |
| 131 | San Marino, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 136.6% | volatile |
| 132 | Solomon Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 216.0% | falling |
| 133 | Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 626.2% | volatile |
| 134 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 75.4% | falling |
| 135 | Mozambique, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 143.8% | rising |
| 136 | Madagascar, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 137 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.3% | volatile |
| 138 | Kuwait | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 71.4% | falling |
| 139 | Tuvalu | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 140 | Tonga | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 127.4% | volatile |
| 141 | Barbados | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 142 | Suriname | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 153.9% | volatile |
| 143 | Costa Rica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.9% | falling |
| 144 | Jamaica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.7% | falling |
| 145 | Kiribati | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 146 | Cabo Verde | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 95.5% | volatile |
| 147 | Liberia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 559.7% | volatile |
| 148 | Seychelles | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 40.0% | rising |
| 149 | São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,038.5% | volatile |
| 150 | Eswatini, Kingdom of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 151 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 39.5% | rising |
| 152 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 218.6% | volatile |
| 153 | Yemen, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 193.8% | rising |
| 154 | Congo, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 129.2% | falling |
| 155 | Liechtenstein | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 156 | Belize | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 65.7% | rising |
| 157 | Paraguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 158 | Eritrea, The State of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 159 | Dominica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 74.7% | volatile |
| 160 | Comoros, Union of the | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 475.4% | volatile |
| 161 | Niger | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 74.9% | falling |
| 162 | Puerto Rico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 163 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 36.5% | falling |
| 164 | Maldives | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 124.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Cambodia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 166 | Mali | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 20.7% | falling |
| 167 | Gabon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.1% | falling |
| 168 | Venezuela, República Bolivariana de | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.3% | falling |
| 169 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 170 | Djibouti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.1% | volatile |
| 171 | Mauritania, Islamic Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 116.0% | falling |
| 172 | Honduras | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 259.0% | volatile |
| 173 | Bolivia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 31.0% | falling |
| 174 | Monaco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 35.3% | falling |
| 175 | Myanmar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 511.3% | volatile |
| 176 | Marshall Islands, Republic of the | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 51.2% | volatile |
| 177 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 90.0% | rising |
| 178 | Panama | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.2% | falling |
| 179 | Guyana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Andorra, Principality of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 77.5% | volatile |
| 181 | Chad | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 903.3% | volatile |
| 182 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 12.8% | volatile |
| 183 | Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 95.3% | rising |
| 184 | Nicaragua | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.1% | falling |
| 185 | Papua New Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 186 | Haiti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 187 | El Salvador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 176.6% | rising |
| 188 | Guatemala | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.5% | falling |
| 189 | St. Lucia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 53.3% | falling |
| 190 | Bahamas, The | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 191 | Dominican Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 192 | Naoero, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 77.7% | volatile |
| 193 | Turkmenistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 437.6% | volatile |
| 194 | Angola | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 203.1% | volatile |
| 195 | South Sudan, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 196 | Equatorial Guinea, Republic of | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 181.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 0 units per US$ of GDP
- South Asia 0 units per US$ of GDP
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Lower middle income 0 units per US$ of GDP
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0 units per US$ of GDP
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 0 units per US$ of GDP
- IBRD only 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Middle income 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Late-demographic dividend 0 units per US$ of GDP
- Low & middle income 0 units per US$ of GDP
- IDA & IBRD total 0 units per US$ of GDP
How this figure is calculated
Scientific and technical journal articles divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Scientific and technical journal articles ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Scientific and technical journal articles Science and Engineering Indicators, National Science Foundation (NSF)
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Scientific and technical journal articles divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.