GERD by sector of performance and fields of R&D by country
Countries reporting
39
Highest
883,731
United States of America
Lowest
22.51
Montenegro
Median
5,847
Years covered
45
1980–2024
Data points
1,440
What the numbers show
GERD by sector of performance and fields of R&D is currently reported for 39 countries. The highest value is 883,731 in United States of America; the lowest is 22.51 in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 5,847, and the mean is 41,068.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 39,266.
GERD by sector of performance and fields of R&D: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States of America | 883,731 | 2023 | up 157.9% | volatile |
| 2 | Germany | 135,570 | 2024 | up 60.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Japan | 134,017 | 2023 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 4 | Republic of Korea | 84,278 | 2023 | up 106.6% | volatile |
| 5 | France | 63,600 | 2024 | up 32.7% | rising |
| 6 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 44,366 | 2019 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 7 | Italy | 30,415 | 2024 | up 39.6% | rising |
| 8 | Switzerland | 26,643 | 2023 | up 73.6% | volatile |
| 9 | Netherlands | 25,678 | 2024 | up 75.9% | volatile |
| 10 | Spain | 23,931 | 2024 | up 86.7% | volatile |
| 11 | Belgium | 20,869 | 2024 | up 118.5% | volatile |
| 12 | Sweden | 19,900 | 2024 | up 46.2% | rising |
| 13 | Austria | 16,132 | 2024 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 14 | Russian Federation | 15,662 | 2019 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 15 | Poland | 11,956 | 2024 | up 209.4% | volatile |
| 16 | Denmark | 11,823 | 2024 | up 52.7% | volatile |
| 17 | Finland | 8,893 | 2024 | up 36.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Norway | 8,044 | 2024 | up 24.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Ireland | 7,756 | 2024 | up 161.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Czechia | 5,847 | 2024 | up 89.2% | volatile |
| 21 | Portugal | 5,020 | 2024 | up 124.9% | volatile |
| 22 | Greece | 3,655 | 2024 | up 145.5% | volatile |
| 23 | Hungary | 2,705 | 2024 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 24 | Romania | 1,624 | 2024 | up 182.4% | volatile |
| 25 | Slovenia | 1,458 | 2024 | up 63.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Slovakia | 1,279 | 2024 | up 91.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Croatia | 1,160 | 2024 | up 241.3% | volatile |
| 28 | Luxembourg | 855.33 | 2024 | up 35.7% | rising |
| 29 | Lithuania | 825.35 | 2024 | up 119.0% | volatile |
| 30 | Bulgaria | 804.86 | 2024 | up 136.8% | volatile |
| 31 | Estonia | 791.06 | 2024 | up 175.9% | volatile |
| 32 | Serbia | 773.63 | 2024 | up 201.7% | rising |
| 33 | Iceland | 757.42 | 2024 | up 190.4% | volatile |
| 34 | Latvia | 372.64 | 2024 | up 128.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Cyprus | 224.9 | 2024 | up 151.2% | volatile |
| 36 | Malta | 125.71 | 2024 | up 107.7% | volatile |
| 37 | North Macedonia | 53.94 | 2023 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 38 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 38.1 | 2021 | up 7.1% | falling |
| 39 | Montenegro | 22.51 | 2024 | up 79.2% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Türkiye 18,323